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Influence of autism on facial morphology
Cenková, Klára ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Harnádková, Katarína (referee)
Autism (ASD) is a severe pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder with an as yet unclear etiology but increasing incidence. Early diagnosis and early initiation of therapy are crucial to the success of its treatment and to improving the quality of life of individuals with PAS. The identification of biomarkers in the form of specific facial features of individuals with autism can contribute significantly to facilitating diagnosis. These facial dysmorphologies have their basis in the prenatal period as a consequence of the common and interacting embryogenesis of the face and brain and reflect the neurodevelopmental basis of autism. Using special anthropometric methods, specific facial phenotypes can be determined, which can also be used to classify individuals with PAS into groups according to the severity of the disorder. Key words: Autism, facial dysmorphology, ASD, biomarkers, anthropometry
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Genetic factors influencing the characteristic facial features of people with psychical disorders
Frajbišová, Aneta ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Kočandrlová, Karolina (referee)
The facial part of the head of the embryo is formed alongside with the brain from the same precursors. The face is formed from the neural crest cells, which arise from the neuroepithelium. This means that if there is some kind of disruption in the early development of the brain, it will be shown in the face. The neuroepithelium induces the expression of many important genetic factors for the formation of the face. For example PAX3, Dsl-1, HMGN1. However, environmental factors also have an impact on the final look of the face. The environmental factors are for example diet or the way of breathing. Persons with the syndromatic psychic disorders have well known and researched facial morphology compared to persons with asyndromatic psychic disorders such as schizophrenia, ASD, OCD and bipolar disorder, which are still the object of many studies. Genetic factors that have an impact on facial dysmorphology, are usually genes that have their main role in the central nervous system or they indirectly impact through signalling pathways on other genes, which are known to have an impact on the face such as Fgf genes. The goal of this thesis is to determine these genetic factors.
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Alternative and augmentative communication in PE lessons for pupils with pervasive disorder.
Vyvialová, Kristýna ; Vařeková, Jitka (advisor) ; Pavlová, Ilona (referee)
Title: Alternative and augmentative communication in PE lessons for pupils with pervasive disorder. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to investigate the possibilities of using pictograms as methods of alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) to support the communication of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in physical education (PE) classes.. Methods: The work is based on theoretical-empirical methods. In the first phase of the research, the SOP methology (word, picture, movement) was created, which can be used for testing and conducting PE for individuals with communication disorders. In the second phase, the method was tested on a group of five students with ASD (age 18-20 years, 2 women, 3 men) studying at a special secondary school. The qualitative investigation included the following methods of data collection: a three-phase test of understanding of physical education terminology, diagnosis by independent pedagogic staff in classes and participant evaluation by the researcher. The intervention consisted in the implementation of a comprehensive 4-month program for the development of communication skills using the SOP method in PE lessons with support in other lessons. In the third phase of the research, teachers were asked about their experiences, opinions and needs in the...
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Early care of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
ŠINDELKOVÁ, Pavla
The number of children with or suspected of having an autism spectrum disorder has been increasing in recent years. Currently, the incidence of this disease in the population is estimated to be up to 1.7%. Early diagnosis is of great importance for the life of children with an autism spectrum disorder, enabling the introduction of appropriate interventions and methods at an early age of the child, which help the child to exercise his abilities and improve skills in problematic areas of development. Family care, cooperation of parents with professionals from various fields, or their mutual connection positively affects the therapeutic and educational process.
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Use of ABA therapy in children with PAS in the Czech Republic
SLOBODA, Tereza
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the subject of using ABA therapy for children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder. I am interested in this type of therapy. ABA is a scientific methodology in which concrete therapeutic methods are used within interventions therefore I use the ABA therapy connection in my work. Bacherlor´s thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. Theoretical part focuses on autistic spectrum disorders, aetiology, most affected areas, introducing ABA and common methods and current legislation, possibility of ABA studies in the Czech Republic. Practical part deals with a case study of a boy from birth to seven years. After his autism diagnosis he has begun ABA therapy and today he is attending the only special elementary and nursery school using the ABA methods. Although opinions on ABA differ I would like to show how the ABA strategies can be used in special schools. This method could be useful for children who are resistant to other forms of therapy. The potentiality of ABA method could improve living standards of the client and his surroundings because autism has enormous impact on social and family ties. The aim of the thesis is to show the progress in ABA therapy and the possibility of using ABA therapy as one of the methods of educating children with ASD or combined disorders and to develop their skills and abilities in spite of their handicap.
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Diagnosis of children with ASD - psychological aspects of diagnosis based on the interviews with parents
Říha, Ivo ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
The bachelor thesis about the diagnosis of children with PAS - psychological aspects of the diagnosis making based on interviews with parents, deals with the problems of autism. The theoretical part contains information about PAS, its types and the so called autistic triad. The reader will be informed about the process of accepting the diagnose, about partnership or parentship and last but not least, about the problems one has to face after accepting his diagnose. The empirical part is focused on describing the process of diagnosis of PAS starting with the observation of the child's different behaviour and the necessary examinations, up to making the diagnosis. The thesis examines the skills of the doctors who take part in the diagnosis process and the way the they let the parents know about it. Furthermore, it deals with the changes that occur in a family, a member of which is diagnosed with PAS. It focuses mainly on the mental aspects of mothers dealing with such a severe diagnose of their children and changing their lives drastically. Problems like the unemployment, or social isolation of such mothers after the birth of their stricken children are taken into consideration too. In order to get the information about the experience of such mothers, semistructured interviews were used.
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The unavailability of social services for people with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD)
Křečková, Markéta ; Vrzáček, Petr (advisor) ; Furmaníková, Lada (referee)
This diploma thesis is concerned with the subject of inaccessible social services for people suffering from autism spectrum disorders (hereinafter ASD) and associated challenging behavior. Emphasis is placed on the social care and services in terms of settings of the social system in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the thesis aims on bringing a comprehensive view of the current availability of social services for people with ASD and associated challenging behavior. Especially the definition of basic concepts along with introduction of individual actors throughout the system and a description of the current situation in the Czech Republic and in the world. The description of possible causes of the unavailability of social services for persons with ASD and associated challenging behavior is at the core of the empirical part. Data gathering and analysis are based on methods of Grounded theory. The semi-structured interviews with representatives of regions and with the social service providers are used as data sources. Conclusions of the thesis include, in particular, extreme cost and long-term staff shortages, weak legislative support, and fragmented network services planning at the county level. These are the roots of the social services unavailability. These should be resolved during the...
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Autism spectrum disorders - parent's perspective
Veselá, Veronika ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kučerová, Olga (referee)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to map how the child with autism spectrum disorder affects the life his parents and the perception of this issue by parents of the autistic children. The theoretical part is about autism spectrum disorders, their definition, etiology, development of professional perspective in this issue and how autism spectrum disorders affects the personality of the individual. Then it also briefly defines the family and family with a handicapped child, which is followed by a part about impact of autism spectrum disorders on family. Specifically the specific life situation of family, family resiliency and finally the sibling's issues. In the empirical part I submit the results of qualitative survey obtained through the interview. The research tries to look into issue of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and attempts to discover the impact on parent's lives of autistic children. KEYWORDS Family, parenthood, autism spectrum disorders, family resiliency
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Children with autism and their integration into society from the perspective of the primary caretakers
Bergerová, Klára ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Matoušek, Petr (referee)
The text talks about autism from the spectrum of social science. Specifically it is focused on the integration of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) into the society. This area is not really examined in the Czech Republic in comparison with other countries. According to this fact, I considered this research about the integration of children with ASD into society as a suitable area to examine. Aim of the research is to discover the difficulties which are connected with integration of children witch ASD into society, which circumstances make the integration easier and which make it more difficult and what is the parent's role in this process. This thesis focuses on interaction of the child with public areas - public transportation, education institutions, surroundings, etc. Outputs of this thesis are summary of the problematic aspects of the integration of children with ASD into the society. Data were gathered using quality research in a form of depth interview with primary minders of children with ASD. Parents, grandparents and other primary caretakers of children with ASD experience the integration process into society with them step by step and they are able to evaluate the main difficulties of the integration of the children into society.
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